Peninsular River · East-flowing

Subarnarekha

Golden Line
🏔️ Nagri hills, Ranchi Plateau, Jharkhand (609 m) → Bay of Bengal, Odisha-West Bengal border
395 kmTotal Length
19,300Basin km²
SeasonalFlow Type
3States
Smooth-coated OtterFlagship Species

About the Subarnarekha

The Subarnarekha ("golden line" in Sanskrit) is Jharkhand's most celebrated river — the river's name is said to derive from the flecks of gold occasionally found in its sandy bed, washed down from the Chota Nagpur Plateau's mineral-rich bedrock. The river creates some of central India's most spectacular waterfalls as it descends the plateau's edge: Hundru Falls (98 metres), Dassam Falls (44 metres), Jonha Falls (43 metres), Hirni Falls (37 metres), and Lodh Falls (143 metres) are all on the Subarnarekha or its tributaries, making this river system the most waterfall-rich in east India.

The upper Subarnarekha drains the forested margins of the Saranda landscape and the Netarhat Plateau — some of Jharkhand's finest remaining tribal forest country. The river flows through landscapes inhabited by the Santhal, Munda, Ho, and Oraon adivasi communities whose relationship with the river and its forest is deeply embedded in their culture, cosmology, and livelihood. The Subarnarekha estuary near Balasore is an important habitat for Olive Ridley turtles, which come ashore to nest on the beaches near Odisha.

States along this river
JharkhandWest BengalOdisha
Length (vs Ganga, 2525 km)
395 km — 15% of India's longest river
Key tributaries

Kharkai · Kanchi · Raru · Dungri

Wildlife along this river
Smooth-coated Otter 🦦Mugger Crocodile 🐊Mahseer 🐟Kingfisher 🐦
Best time to explore
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